Teaching and Learning Journal of Mandalika (Teacher) is an open-access journal that provides immediate, worldwide, barrier-free access to the full text of all published articles without charge readers or their institutions for access. Readers have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of all articles in Teaching and Learning Journal of Mandalika (Teacher). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.