PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PASSING BAWAH PADA PERMAINAN BOLA VOLI MELALUI METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) SISWA KELAS V SDN 24 AMPENAN

Abstract

Underhand passing is a fundamental volleyball skill that requires coordination of the initial stance, arm platform, ball contact, body control, and directional accuracy. This classroom action research aimed to improve the learning outcomes of underhand passing through Problem Based Learning (PBL) among fifth-grade students of SDN 24 Ampenan. The participants were 25 students. The action was implemented in two cycles, each following the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Learning outcomes were assessed through psychomotor, cognitive, and affective components, while achievement was interpreted using a minimum individual score of 78 and a classical mastery target of 75%. Descriptive analysis showed that the mean final score increased from 70.80 at the initial test to 80.24 in Cycle I and 83.76 in Cycle II. In Cycle I, 18 students (72%) achieved mastery, so the classical target had not yet been reached. Reflection identified difficulties in the initial stance, arm position, ball direction, confidence, and independent correction of movement errors. Cycle II therefore strengthened technical demonstrations, direct guidance during practice, and immediate feedback. Following these improvements, 21 students (84%) achieved mastery and the classical criterion was reached. The psychomotor mean increased from 68.60 at baseline to 83.68 in Cycle II, accompanied by improvements in cognitive and affective scores. These findings indicate that PBL, when combined with structured practice and reflective feedback, can support meaningful improvement in elementary-school volleyball underhand passing learning outcomes.