Jurnal Ar Ro'is Mandalika (Armada)

Examination of Influenza Samples at BLKM Manado in 2024

2025-10-30T23:58:51+00:00

Background: Influenza remains a major global respiratory infection and public health concern. In Indonesia, influenza surveillance is conducted through the Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) sentinel system. The BLKM Manado laboratory supports influenza surveillance in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo provinces.

Objective: This study aims to describe influenza sample examination results in 2024 at BLKM Manado to support early detection of potential outbreaks in its catchment area.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional laboratory-based approach was conducted. Data were obtained from 102 samples collected from four ILI–SARI sentinel sites during January–December 2024. Examinations were performed using real-time PCR to detect influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2.

Results: Out of 102 samples, 27 (26.5%) were positive for influenza, mainly from West Amurang Health Center (51.9%), Kabila Health Center (40.7%), and Ainun Habibie Hospital (7.4%). Identified viruses included influenza type B (56%) and type A (44%), while 12% were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Most cases occurred in the productive age group (19–59 years).

Conclusion: Both influenza A and B viruses were detected in the BLKM Manado working area throughout 2024, with type B predominating. These findings highlight the need to sustain and strengthen the ILI–SARI sentinel surveillance system for early detection and laboratory-based control of respiratory infections in tropical regions.

Optimization of National Downstream Synergy in Realizing Defense Industry Independence to Support the Mission of the Indonesian Air Force

2025-11-01T04:26:15+00:00

This study analyzes the optimization of national downstream synergy as a strategic pathway to achieving defense industry independence in Indonesia, particularly in supporting the operational readiness of the Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU). Using a qualitative descriptive approach, it integrates data from interviews, policy documents, and official reports from the Defense Industry Policy Committee (KKIP), the Ministry of Defense, and PT Dirgantara Indonesia (PTDI). The findings reveal that Indonesia’s defense industry still faces major barriers, including dependence on imported raw materials and technology, low economies of scale, and limited coordination among stakeholders. The study identifies that the success of downstream synergy depends on institutional integration, long-term investment assurance, and technological capability enhancement. Strengthening the roles of KKIP as a policy integrator, the Ministry of Defense as a regulatory and funding enabler, and PTDI as a production executor is essential to align industrial capacity with Air Force requirements. Key strategies include implementing Long-Term Offtake Agreements (LTOA) to stabilize market demand, reforming the Offset and Local Content (IDKLO) mechanism for genuine technology transfer, and integrating upstream industries (PT Inalum, PT Krakatau Steel) to close the material sovereignty gap. The development of MIL-STD-certified testing facilities, local MRO capabilities, and a national defense digital innovation ecosystem will accelerate the transition toward self-reliant production. Ultimately, optimizing national downstream synergy will establish a resilient, competitive, and technologically advanced defense ecosystem capable of independently supporting the Air Force and enhancing Indonesia’s strategic autonomy.

Optimization of Wood Waste Management through Reuse and Recycle Program

2025-11-11T06:37:50+00:00

The SarKa innovation program implemented by PT Paiton Energy aims to address the issue of wood waste management by transforming waste materials into valuable products, specifically wood pellets. The program focuses on reducing the amount of wood waste sent to landfills and optimizing the economic value derived from waste materials. In 2024, 143,480.61 kg of wood waste was processed into wood pellets, resulting in significant cost savings of Rp 24,024,660.62, which increased to Rp 43,567,099.68 in 2025. Additionally, the sale of wood pellets generated substantial economic benefits for the local community, with revenue reaching Rp 344,353,468.84 in 2024 and Rp 312,230,880.95 in 2025. The program not only promotes environmental sustainability by reducing landfill waste but also fosters social empowerment by involving local communities in pellet production, creating new business opportunities. The transformation of wood waste into useful products reflects a shift toward a circular economy, optimizing value chains and reducing environmental impacts. Moreover, the program has cultivated a culture of sustainability within the company, where employees and local communities recognize the importance of resource management and waste reduction. This research highlights the economic, environmental, and social benefits of such innovative programs and suggests the potential for scaling and replicating these practices in other industries.

The Influence of Digital Marketing on Purchasing Decisions at Tanah Abang Market

2025-11-18T07:06:15+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing on consumer purchasing decisions using a case study of Tanah Abang Market. The primary focus of the study is brand perception, digital marketing strategies, and how digitalization affects the loyalty and competitiveness of businesses in traditional markets that are now adapting to technology. This study uses a qualitative approach, emphasizing the subjective meanings and experiences of consumers and businesses. The analysis process was conducted inductively using case study, phenomenology, and ethnography techniques to gain an in-depth understanding of digital marketing strategies, including the use of social media, digital content optimization, and consumer purchasing experiences. The results show that digital marketing contributes significantly to increased purchasing decisions, particularly through factors such as ease of access to information, brand trust, and the effectiveness of digital-based promotions. Thus, digitalization has proven to be a key factor in increasing consumer loyalty and strengthening the position of traditional markets in the modern era.

The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work-Life Balance for Generation Z Employees

2025-11-21T04:40:20+00:00

This study aims to examine the relationship between flexible working arrangements and work-life balance among Generation Z employees in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, this study involved 110 respondents aged 15–30 years who were employed in non-shift-based work. Data were collected using validated Likert-scale questionnaires that measure flexible working (based on Hyland's three dimensions: available flexibility, preference for flexibility, and use of flexibility) and work-life balance (based on four dimensions: WIPL, PLIW, WEPL, and PLEW). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between flexible working arrangements and work-life balance (r = 0.349, p < 0.05). This indicates that the higher the perceived flexibility at work, the better the individual's ability to balance work and personal life. These findings are in line with Clark's Work-Family Border Theory and emphasize the importance of flexible policies in promoting employee well-being, especially among Generation Z workers.

Legal Protection for Search and Rescue Officers (Civil Servants) in the Implementation of Search and Rescue Operations

2025-11-21T09:00:07+00:00

Search and Rescue (SAR) officers who serve as Civil Servants (ASN) play a strategic role in saving human lives during rescue operations. However, this responsibility exposes them to high occupational risks, including severe injury and death, which necessitates strong and comprehensive legal protection. This study aims to analyze the legal protection framework for SAR personnel within Indonesia’s national regulations and identify challenges in its implementation. Using a normative juridical approach, the research examines Law Number 29 of 2014 concerning Search and Rescue, the Head of BASARNAS Regulation Number 1 of 2025, and several empirical cases highlighting the limited legal safeguards for rescuers. The findings indicate that, despite existing regulations on liability and compensation mechanisms, implementation remains suboptimal due to overlapping policies, weak inter-agency coordination, and limited compensation funding. Comparative analysis with international standards further reveals that legal protection for rescuers must include occupational safety, fair compensation rights, and legal certainty for the families of victims. Therefore, a more assertive and responsive legal policy framework is required to ensure justice, legal certainty, and proper recognition for ASN officers serving at the humanitarian front line.

The Reconstruction of the Structure of Scientific Knowledge in the Perspective of Thomas S. Kuhn’s Paradigm

2025-11-25T07:01:15+00:00

The development of scientific knowledge does not occur linearly but undergoes fundamental and revolutionary changes. This article aims to re-examine the structure of scientific knowledge through the perspective of Thomas S. Kuhn’s paradigm, as elaborated in his seminal work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method, by analyzing Kuhn’s primary texts along with relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that, according to Kuhn, the structure of scientific knowledge is built upon a dynamic paradigm. A scientific paradigm shift occurs when anomalies within the existing framework can no longer be explained by prevailing theories, leading to a scientific revolution that transforms scientists’ perspectives on reality, methodology, and the object of inquiry. In the context of the digital era and the Industrial Revolution 5.0, understanding this dynamic becomes crucial for epistemological reconstruction, ensuring that science remains relevant, proportional, and sustainable. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the development of modern philosophy of science and reinforces critical awareness of the interrelationship between paradigm, knowledge crisis, and scientific progress.

TikTok Shop: How Social Commerce Shapes Purchase Decisions

2025-11-27T03:58:19+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of social commerce elements, such as social interaction, transaction convenience, creative content, user-generated content (UGC), and live shopping, on consumer purchase decisions on the TikTok Shop platform in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design, this study involved respondents who had made purchases within the last six months. Regression analysis indicates that four main variables, like social interaction (p = 0.014), transaction convenience (p = 0.009), creative content (p = 0.012), and UGC (p = 0.012) are significantly affect purchase decisions. Meanwhile, live shopping does not show a significant influence (p = 0.115), suggesting that direct synchronous interaction on TikTok Shop is not sufficient to drive purchase conversion without strong support from information quality and credibility.

A Study of Shallow Foundations on Expansive Soils (A Case Study of Bojonegoro Soil)

2025-11-27T08:55:35+00:00

Soil plays a vital role as the primary support in structural foundations. However, expansive clay soils often present challenges in construction due to their water-dependent characteristics. When wet, these soils expand; when dry, they shrink, potentially causing cracks in foundations and other structural elements. This study aims to identify the type of soil in the Bojonegoro area and evaluate its impact on stress distribution beneath shallow foundations placed on expansive soils. Laboratory tests were conducted, including plasticity index analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction test, and shear strength test. The focus of the study includes identifying the level of expansion potential, soil activity classification, and analyzing the pattern of vertical and horizontal stress distribution beneath the foundation, particularly in relation to the theoretical 2V:1H approach. Based on the analysis results, the soil in Bojonegoro is classified as highly expansive, with a plasticity index (PI) of 53.92%, a liquid limit (LL) of 84.60%, and a plastic limit (PL) of 30.68%. According to the USCS classification, the soil falls into the CH category (Clay with High Plasticity). Observations on the foundation model showed a settlement of 103.36 mm and an uplift (unloading) of 6.05 mm. The observed stress distribution followed a 6V:3H pattern, which theoretically corresponds to the 2V:1H ratio. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for designing more adaptive and safe foundations in expansive soil conditions.

Systematic Literature Review: The Influence of Budget Realization, HR Competency, and Organizational Characteristics on IKPA

2025-11-29T07:03:23+00:00

State budget implementation represents the managerial capacity and integrity of the public bureaucracy in managing fiscal resources for the benefit of the public. The Indonesian government, through the Ministry of Finance, introduced the Budget Execution Performance Indicator (IKPA) as a quantitative-based measure of APBN implementation performance. However, several studies have demonstrated an empirical paradox: increased budget realization is not always accompanied by an increase in the IKPA value. This phenomenon confirms that non-financial factors such as human resource (HR) competence, organizational characteristics, and institutional legitimacy play a critical role in determining the effectiveness of budget implementation. This study used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing twenty national scientific publications from 2020–2024. The analysis results indicate that HR competence and institutional support are the main determinants of IKPA success. This study emphasizes the importance of synergy between financial efficiency, HR professionalism, and institutional compliance in improving budget implementation performance in the public sector.

The Role of the Assurance Dimension of Sustainability Reporting on Greenwashing: Systematic Literature Review

2025-11-29T08:36:45+00:00

The practice of sustainability assurance has rapidly expanded in response to growing demands for transparency and accountability in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) domains. However, the effectiveness of assurance in mitigating greenwashing remains debated. This study systematically reviews recent empirical findings on the influence of four assurance dimensions—existence, provider, level, and scope—on greenwashing. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA was applied to 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025 across various countries and industry sectors. The synthesis reveals that assurance enhances stakeholder trust, promotes transparency, and improves market perceptions of corporate responsibility and governance when implemented under high-quality conditions. Nevertheless, its effectiveness largely depends on the independence of the assurance provider, the level of assurance obtained, and the comprehensiveness of the report’s scope. Limited assurance or that conducted by non-accounting providers tends to be symbolic, whereas comprehensive assurance with broader coverage is more substantive in reducing the gap between disclosure and actual sustainability performance. This study highlights the importance of improving assurance quality and harmonizing assurance practices as a governance mechanism to mitigate the risk of greenwashing in sustainability reporting, contributing to the growing discourse on credibility and legitimacy in ESG disclosure.

Systematic Literature Review: Dysfunctional Auditing, Time Budget Pressure, and Audit Quality in APIP

2025-11-29T08:46:19+00:00

The Government Internal Supervisory Agency (APIP) plays a vital role in ensuring state financial accountability, in line with the principles of Stakeholder Theory, which demands accountability to the public. However, the quality of APIP audits is threatened by job demands in the form of time budget pressure (TBP) and budget efficiency requirements. This double pressure is the main trigger for the emergence of Auditor Dysfunctional Behavior (PDA), which is a key mediator of declining audit quality. Therefore, this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to map the causal path between work pressure, PDA, and Audit Quality, as well as to evaluate the mitigating role of Job Resources (JR) in the context of APIP.

Objectives & Methods: The main objectives of this SLR are to analyze and synthesize empirical literature on (1) the influence of TBP and Budget Efficiency on PDA, (2) the mediating role of PDA on Audit Quality, and (3) the moderating role of JR in the relationship between PDA and Audit Quality. The method used is SLR with reference to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was limited to empirical articles in Indonesian and English published in the last five years (2020–2025).

Key Findings: The synthesis results show that TBP and Budget Efficiency have a positive and significant relationship with an increase in PDA. PDA has been consistently proven to act as a strong mediating variable, substantially weakening Audit Quality. Furthermore, the findings indicate that Job Resources (such as supervision and training) have critical potential as moderating variables, capable of weakening the negative relationship between PDA and Audit Quality, although findings regarding this moderating mechanism still vary across studies.

Implications: Theoretically, this SLR strengthens the integration of JD-R Theory and Stakeholder Theory, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding internal auditor behavior. Practically, this study recommends that APIP leaders design more proportional policies in time and budget allocation, as well as increase investment in Job Resources (e.g., supervision and professional development systems) to minimize PDA and maintain Audit Quality as the highest form of accountability to all public stakeholders.

Fraud Prevention through ASN Competence, IT Quality, Internal Control, and Good Governance: A Systematic Literature Review

2025-11-29T08:56:33+00:00

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing fraud prevention in the public sector through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review focuses on four key variables: civil servant competence, information technology quality, internal control, and good governance principles. The study applied the SLR method following Kitchenham (2004) and PRISMA (2020) guidelines through four main stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Out of 120 initially identified articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The findings reveal that civil servant competence, information technology quality, and internal control positively affect fraud prevention. Moreover, good governance acts as a moderating variable that strengthens these relationships. The study emphasizes the importance of improving civil servants’ professionalism and integrity, reliable information technology implementation, and internal control systems aligned with good governance principles.

The Impact of Accounting Automation on the Role of Human Accountants in Multinational Companies

2025-12-01T02:07:04+00:00

This study explores the impact of accounting automation on the role of human accountants in multinational companies, focusing on the transformative effects of technologies such as Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML). Using a qualitative approach, specifically a systematic literature review (SLR) and library research, the study examines existing academic articles, industry reports, and case studies to assess how automation has reshaped accounting practices in multinational corporations. The findings reveal that automation has significantly enhanced operational efficiency, reduced human error, and streamlined accounting processes, leading to cost savings and more accurate financial reporting. Additionally, the role of accountants has shifted from performing routine, operational tasks to more strategic and advisory functions, contributing to business decision-making and financial strategy. However, the study also highlights concerns regarding job displacement, particularly for lower-level accounting roles, and emphasizes the need for continuous professional development and skill acquisition in areas such as AI and data analytics. The study concludes that while automation offers substantial opportunities for accountants to grow in strategic roles, it also requires significant adaptation in terms of skills and responsibilities. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of automation on the accounting profession, its ethical implications, and the effectiveness of training programs aimed at equipping accountants with the necessary technological skills.

Institutional Arrangements for the Creative Economy and Empowerment of Business Actors: A Study in Malang City

2025-12-01T08:27:44+00:00

This study examines the institutional arrangements governing the creative economy in Malang City and evaluates their implications for the empowerment and performance of creative business actors. Nationally, the creative economy is supported by Law No. 24/2019 and Government Regulation No. 24/2022, which mandate local governments to provide infrastructure, financing schemes, and ecosystem facilitation. Malang City has adopted this framework through its Creative Economy Development Action Plan 2023–2027 and the establishment of the Malang Creative Center (MCC) as a collaborative hub for 17 creative subsectors. Employing a qualitative policy case study and a socio-legal approach, this research analyzes regulatory documents and triangulates them with semi-structured interviews involving government officials, MCC managers, and creative actors. Findings show that Malang possesses a relatively advanced normative framework, yet institutional implementation remains fragmented. Overlapping mandates, weak cross-agency coordination, and unclear institutional entry points hinder effective service delivery. MCC has become the primary provider of training, mentoring, and promotional facilities, and actors engaged in these programs report improved networks, digital capabilities, and business development. However, benefits remain uneven, with digitally connected and campus-based communities receiving more support than peripheral subsectors such as home-based crafts, small culinary businesses, and traditional fashion. The study also identifies a direct relationship between institutional quality and business strategy. Actors with stronger institutional linkages tend to adopt innovative business models, expand markets—including through digital platforms—and pursue formal financing opportunities. Conversely, limited institutional exposure results in localized, traditional business strategies. Theoretically, the study highlights how institutional arrangements bridge legal logic and business logic, reinforcing the relevance of institutional theory, public service management, and empowerment frameworks. Practically, the findings call for clearer division of roles, strengthened service hubs, inclusive empowerment programs, and integrated digital literacy and financing initiatives to enhance creative economy governance in Malang City.

Utilization of AI Technology in Sustainable Integrated Water Resource Management

2025-12-01T08:29:05+00:00

Water resource management has become increasingly complex as climate change, population growth, and land-use expansion intensify pressure on global water systems. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) offers a holistic approach to balancing ecological, social, and economic water needs; however, traditional methods often fall short in addressing real-time variability and long-term sustainability challenges. In response, the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides transformative opportunities to enhance hydrological prediction, dynamic monitoring, and decision optimization within the IWRM framework. This study aims to (1) explore the potential and challenges associated with AI adoption in sustainable integrated water-resource management, (2) propose a conceptual framework that integrates AI with IWRM through physical modeling, real-time monitoring, and decision-support optimization, and (3) offer technical and policy recommendations for implementing AI in national water sectors, with a specific emphasis on Indonesia. Using a qualitative literature-based methodology, this research synthesizes findings from scientific publications, institutional reports, and empirical case studies. The results indicate that AI significantly improves streamflow forecasting, water-quality prediction, automated system control, and multi-objective water allocation. Despite these benefits, challenges such as data scarcity, limited model interpretability, technological infrastructure gaps, and governance constraints hinder effective implementation. The proposed framework demonstrates how AI can be operationalized across hydrological modeling, sensor-based monitoring, and decision-support engines to strengthen IWRM outcomes. Overall, the study highlights the urgent need for strategic investment, regulatory readiness, and capacity building to unlock AI’s full potential in achieving sustainable and resilient water governance.