The Reconstruction of the Structure of Scientific Knowledge in the Perspective of Thomas S. Kuhn’s Paradigm

Abstract

The development of scientific knowledge does not occur linearly but undergoes fundamental and revolutionary changes. This article aims to re-examine the structure of scientific knowledge through the perspective of Thomas S. Kuhn’s paradigm, as elaborated in his seminal work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method, by analyzing Kuhn’s primary texts along with relevant secondary literature. The findings indicate that, according to Kuhn, the structure of scientific knowledge is built upon a dynamic paradigm. A scientific paradigm shift occurs when anomalies within the existing framework can no longer be explained by prevailing theories, leading to a scientific revolution that transforms scientists’ perspectives on reality, methodology, and the object of inquiry. In the context of the digital era and the Industrial Revolution 5.0, understanding this dynamic becomes crucial for epistemological reconstruction, ensuring that science remains relevant, proportional, and sustainable. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the development of modern philosophy of science and reinforces critical awareness of the interrelationship between paradigm, knowledge crisis, and scientific progress.